How to ship LTL freight, step by step
Shipping a few pallets with an LTL carrier goes smoothly when you get the measurements, class and paperwork right the first time.
This walkthrough assumes you already know you're in LTL territory: one to six pallets, flexible delivery timing. If you're not sure, start with our FTL vs LTL comparison.
1. Measure and weigh
Build the pallet first, then measure the longest, widest and tallest points, including the pallet and any overhang. Weigh on a calibrated scale. Carriers routinely re-measure with dimensioners, and the difference becomes a correction fee.
2. Determine the freight class
Look up your commodity in the NMFC (or ask your carrier or broker). For density-based items, calculate pounds per cubic foot as explained in the LTL freight class section. If you ship the same products regularly, record the item numbers and classes in a reference sheet.
3. Package for a multi-touch journey
- Use a sound pallet; no broken boards.
- Square, flat-topped stacks with no overhang.
- Stretch-wrap at least five times around, wrapping in the pallet base.
- Add "Do not stack" caps only when truly necessary, as they can increase the price.
- Label two sides with addresses, BOL and piece count.
4. Get quotes with the right accessorials
Provide origin and destination ZIP or postal codes, class, weight, dimensions and any services: liftgate, residential, limited access, inside delivery, appointment. Our estimator gives a rough range; real quotes vary with carrier networks and your negotiated discounts.
5. Complete the bill of lading
Use the carrier's or broker's BOL, or a standard straight BOL. Include handling units, pieces, weight, class, NMFC item, description and all accessorials. If the freight is hazardous, add the UN number, proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group and emergency contact.
6. Schedule pickup
LTL pickups typically happen in the afternoon. Book the day before or by late morning for same-day pickup. Note your closing time, as a driver arriving after you close means a missed pickup.
7. Track and receive
Track with the PRO number the carrier assigns. At delivery, count pieces and inspect before signing; write any shortage or damage specifically on the delivery receipt.
Tip: the most common avoidable LTL charges are reclassification, liftgate, residential and redelivery. All four come from information missing at booking.
FAQ
What is a PRO number?
The carrier's tracking number for an LTL shipment, usually printed on a sticker applied to the BOL and freight.
Can LTL carriers deliver to a home?
Yes, with a residential delivery charge and usually a liftgate. Some will also schedule a delivery appointment.